脫除沼氣中硫化氫的方法很多，一般可分為干法脫硫、濕法脫硫和生物法脫硫。濕法和干法屬于傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)方法，是目前沼氣脫硫的主要手段，但此方法的缺點(diǎn)是污染大、成本高、效率低; 生物脫硫是目前國際上新興的脫硫技術(shù)，是利用微生物的代謝作用將沼氣中的硫化氫轉(zhuǎn)化為單質(zhì)硫或硫酸鹽，可實現(xiàn)環(huán)保和低成本脫硫。干法脫硫按原理和方法可分為化學(xué)吸附法、化學(xué)吸收法和催化加氫法。
There are many methods for removing hydrogen sulfide from biogas, which can generally be divided into dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization, and biological desulfurization. Wet and dry methods belong to traditional chemical methods and are currently the main methods for biogas desulfurization. However, the drawbacks of this method are high pollution, high cost, and low efficiency; Biological desulfurization is currently an emerging desulfurization technology internationally, which utilizes the metabolic action of microorganisms to convert hydrogen sulfide in biogas into elemental sulfur or sulfate, achieving environmental protection and low-cost desulfurization. Dry desulfurization can be divided into chemical adsorption method, chemical absorption method, and catalytic hydrogenation method based on principles and methods.
化學(xué)吸附法即脫硫劑吸附沼氣中的硫化物以達(dá)到脫硫的目的。化學(xué)吸收法即脫硫劑與沼氣中的硫化物反應(yīng)將硫化物脫除的過程。催化加氫法即含氣體在鈷鉬、鎳鉬等催化劑存在時，使有機(jī)硫轉(zhuǎn)化為 H2S 然后將其脫除。濕法脫硫技術(shù)已經(jīng)有 100 多年的歷史濕法脫硫是利用特定的溶劑與氣體逆流接觸而脫除其中的 H2S，溶劑通過再生后重新進(jìn)行吸收，根據(jù)吸收機(jī)理與再生性質(zhì)的不同，濕法分為化學(xué)吸收法、物理吸收法、物理化學(xué)吸收法以及濕式氧化法。化學(xué)吸收法以弱堿性溶液為吸收劑，與硫化氫進(jìn)行化學(xué)反應(yīng)形成化合物，當(dāng)富液溫度升高、壓力降低時，該化合物就分解，放出硫化氫。化學(xué)吸附法可以同時吸收硫化氫和二氧化碳。
Chemical adsorption method refers to the adsorption of sulfides in biogas by desulfurizers to achieve the goal of desulfurization. Chemical absorption method refers to the process of removing sulfides by reacting desulfurization agents with sulfides in biogas. Catalytic hydrogenation method refers to the process of converting organic sulfur into H2S and removing it in the presence of cobalt molybdenum, nickel molybdenum, and other catalysts. Wet desulfurization technology has a history of over 100 years. Wet desulfurization uses a specific solvent to remove H2S by countercurrent contact with gas. The solvent is regenerated and reabsorbed. According to the different absorption mechanisms and regeneration properties, wet desulfurization can be divided into chemical absorption method, physical absorption method, physical chemical absorption method, and wet oxidation method. The chemical absorption method uses a weakly alkaline solution as an absorbent and reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form a compound. When the temperature of the rich solution increases and the pressure decreases, the compound decomposes and releases hydrogen sulfide. Chemical adsorption method can simultaneously absorb hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
物理吸收法是以常用的有機(jī)溶劑（甲醇、環(huán)丁砜、丙烯碳酸酯，聚乙二醇二甲醚，N-甲基吡啶烷酮等）為吸收劑，其吸收完全為物理過程，當(dāng)富液降低壓力時，硫化氫就完全放出。
The physical absorption method uses common organic solvents (methanol, Sulfolane, propylene carbonate, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N-methyl pyridine ketone, etc.) as the absorbent, and its absorption is completely a physical process. When the rich liquid reduces the pressure, hydrogen sulfide will be completely released.
這類方法有甲醇法、環(huán)丁砜法、聚乙二醇二甲醚法、冷甲醇法等。濕式氧化法是借溶液中載氧體的催化作用，把被吸收的硫化氫轉(zhuǎn)化為硫磺，使溶液獲得再生。氧化法主要有氨水法、砷堿法和蒽醌二磺酸鈉法等。其中，鐵基工藝具有較大的市場競爭力，其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是脫硫效率高，硫容量大，成本底。
Such methods include methanol method, Sulfolane method, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether method, cold methanol method, etc. Wet oxidation method utilizes the catalytic action of oxygen carriers in the solution to convert absorbed hydrogen sulfide into sulfur, resulting in regeneration of the solution. The oxidation methods mainly include ammonia water method, arsenic alkali method, and sodium anthraquinone disulfonate method. Among them, iron-based processes have significant market competitiveness, with the main advantages of high desulfurization efficiency, large sulfur capacity, and low cost.
生物脫硫是 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代發(fā)展起來的替代傳統(tǒng)脫硫方法的新工藝，它是在時宜的溫度，濕度，pH 值，營養(yǎng)物和微氧條件下，利用微生物（ 如氧化亞鐵硫桿菌、氧化硫桿菌、脫氮硫桿菌、排硫硫桿菌、光合脫硫細(xì)菌、硫桿菌、無色硫細(xì)菌等） 的生命活動將有機(jī)污染物轉(zhuǎn)化為對人體健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境無害的
Biological desulfurization is a new process developed in the 1980s to replace traditional desulfurization methods. It operates under appropriate temperature, humidity, pH value, nutrients, and micro oxygen conditions, Use the life activities of microorganisms (such as Thiobacillus Iron(II) oxide, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus denitrificans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, photosynthetic desulfurization bacteria, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, colorless sulfur bacteria, etc.) to transform organic pollutants into harmless ones for human health and ecological environment
化合物。
Compound.
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2023-07-12
